{"id":1736,"date":"2026-02-28T01:02:58","date_gmt":"2026-02-28T01:02:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/hidrosolucionescanarias.com\/?p=1736"},"modified":"2026-02-28T01:03:46","modified_gmt":"2026-02-28T01:03:46","slug":"sube-conductividad-del-permeado-ro","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hidrosolucionescanarias.com\/es_es\/sube-conductividad-del-permeado-ro\/","title":{"rendered":"Conductividad del permeado sube en RO (SWRO y BWRO)"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"1736\" class=\"elementor elementor-1736\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-eb55168 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"eb55168\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3964a076 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"3964a076\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"600\" src=\"https:\/\/hidrosolucionescanarias.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/conductividad-permeado-ro-causas-diagnostico-swro-bwro-hero.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-1740\" alt=\"Gu\u00eda de diagn\u00f3stico: conductividad del permeado sube en RO (SWRO y BWRO) con medidor y membranas\" srcset=\"https:\/\/hidrosolucionescanarias.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/conductividad-permeado-ro-causas-diagnostico-swro-bwro-hero.png 1920w, https:\/\/hidrosolucionescanarias.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/conductividad-permeado-ro-causas-diagnostico-swro-bwro-hero-300x94.png 300w, https:\/\/hidrosolucionescanarias.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/conductividad-permeado-ro-causas-diagnostico-swro-bwro-hero-1024x320.png 1024w, https:\/\/hidrosolucionescanarias.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/conductividad-permeado-ro-causas-diagnostico-swro-bwro-hero-768x240.png 768w, https:\/\/hidrosolucionescanarias.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/conductividad-permeado-ro-causas-diagnostico-swro-bwro-hero-1536x480.png 1536w, https:\/\/hidrosolucionescanarias.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/conductividad-permeado-ro-causas-diagnostico-swro-bwro-hero-18x6.png 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\"  title=\"Conductividad del permeado sube en RO (SWRO y BWRO)\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c9ea2fe e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"c9ea2fe\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-541bba51 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"541bba51\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Sube Conductividad del permeado RO: causas y diagn\u00f3stico (SWRO y BWRO)<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-20415b3c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"20415b3c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1bd2084d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1bd2084d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6e5bd71 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6e5bd71\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Cuando sube la conductividad del permeado, no te conviene \u201cadivinar\u201d. La secuencia que mejor funciona en campo es: <strong data-start=\"865\" data-end=\"905\">(1) confirmar medici\u00f3n y temperatura<\/strong>, <strong data-start=\"907\" data-end=\"962\">(2) clasificar si la subida fue repentina o gradual<\/strong>, y <strong data-start=\"966\" data-end=\"1024\">(3) localizar si es un problema de un vessel o general<\/strong>. DuPont lo plantea como troubleshooting por s\u00edntomas (salt passage\/caudal\/\u0394P) para llegar a causa.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4039a765 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"4039a765\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2eb04bdc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2eb04bdc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><u>Paso 0 (SWRO y BWRO)<\/u>: aseg\u00farate de que \u201cconductividad\u201d significa lo mismo siempre<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-27f55997 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"27f55997\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 data-section-id=\"115m75m\" data-start=\"1619\" data-end=\"1657\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Conductividad (EC) vs TDS (ppm)<\/span><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"1658\" data-end=\"2081\">\n<li data-section-id=\"3iqcvr\" data-start=\"1658\" data-end=\"1741\">\n<p data-start=\"1660\" data-end=\"1741\"><strong data-start=\"1660\" data-end=\"1682\">EC (conductividad)<\/strong>: normalmente en \u00b5S\/cm (permeado) o mS\/cm (feed).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"1l9ooeb\" data-start=\"1742\" data-end=\"2081\">\n<p data-start=\"1744\" data-end=\"2081\"><strong data-start=\"1744\" data-end=\"1762\">TDS (ppm\/mg\/L)<\/strong>: suele ser una conversi\u00f3n aproximada que hace el equipo (no es universal, depende del agua).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\" data-start=\"1744\" data-end=\"2081\">Para medir \u201cbien\u201d en industria, se recomienda estandarizar m\u00e9todo y calibraci\u00f3n (celda constante con KCl) como recoge Standard Methods 2510B (resumen NEMI) y pr\u00e1cticas equivalentes.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<h3 data-section-id=\"jbgv62\" data-start=\"2083\" data-end=\"2148\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Lo m\u00e1s importante: EC25 (conductividad compensada a 25 \u00b0C)<\/span><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"2149\" data-end=\"2432\">La conductividad cambia con la temperatura. En control de calidad se usa \u201c<strong data-start=\"2223\" data-end=\"2255\">specific conductance at 25\u00b0C<\/strong>\u201d (corregida a 25 \u00b0C) para poder comparar lecturas. USGS lo deja claro: se reporta como conductividad espec\u00edfica a 25 \u00b0C (valor corregido).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4d349eb8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4d349eb8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p data-start=\"2434\" data-end=\"2456\"><strong data-start=\"2434\" data-end=\"2456\">Checklist (5 min):<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"2457\" data-end=\"2761\">\n<li data-section-id=\"b3to8g\" data-start=\"2457\" data-end=\"2547\">\n<p data-start=\"2459\" data-end=\"2547\">\u00bfTu SCADA\/sonda muestra <strong data-start=\"2483\" data-end=\"2506\">@25\u00b0C \/ EC25 \/ 25\u00b0C<\/strong>?<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"1ob7pyt\" data-start=\"2548\" data-end=\"2705\">\n<p data-start=\"2550\" data-end=\"2705\">Si no compensa temperatura, USGS recomienda registrar el dato \u201craw\u201d y convertir a 25\u00b0C con factores del fabricante.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"hdhr71\" data-start=\"2706\" data-end=\"2761\">\n<p data-start=\"2708\" data-end=\"2761\">\u00bfHas comparado con un <strong data-start=\"2730\" data-end=\"2742\">port\u00e1til<\/strong> en el mismo punto?<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1ee4d659 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"1ee4d659\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3164f67f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3164f67f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><u>Paso 1 (SWRO y BWRO)<\/u>: \u00bfsubida REPENTINA o GRADUAL?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d866585 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"d866585\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"515\" src=\"https:\/\/hidrosolucionescanarias.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/conductividad-permeado-ro-repentina-vs-gradual-768x515.png\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-1743\" alt=\"Conductividad del permeado en RO: subida repentina (bypass O-rings\/brine seal) vs subida gradual (fouling, operaci\u00f3n, envejecimiento)\" srcset=\"https:\/\/hidrosolucionescanarias.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/conductividad-permeado-ro-repentina-vs-gradual-768x515.png 768w, https:\/\/hidrosolucionescanarias.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/conductividad-permeado-ro-repentina-vs-gradual-300x201.png 300w, https:\/\/hidrosolucionescanarias.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/conductividad-permeado-ro-repentina-vs-gradual-18x12.png 18w, https:\/\/hidrosolucionescanarias.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/conductividad-permeado-ro-repentina-vs-gradual.png 979w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\"  title=\"Conductividad del permeado sube en RO (SWRO y BWRO)\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3caf8fec elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3caf8fec\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 data-section-id=\"ztx771\" data-start=\"2820\" data-end=\"2868\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Si la subida es REPENTINA (minutos\/horas)<\/span><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"2869\" data-end=\"3099\">Suele ser <strong data-start=\"2879\" data-end=\"2902\">bypass\/fuga interna<\/strong>. Toray recomienda directamente: si la conductividad del permeado es mucho mayor de lo esperado, revisar <strong data-start=\"3007\" data-end=\"3060\">O-rings, brine seals y partes del vessel afectado<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<h3 data-section-id=\"16jgxee\" data-start=\"3101\" data-end=\"3146\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Si la subida es GRADUAL (d\u00edas\/semanas)<\/span><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"3147\" data-end=\"3480\">Suele estar ligada a <strong data-start=\"3168\" data-end=\"3187\">fouling\/scaling<\/strong>, <strong data-start=\"3189\" data-end=\"3218\">operaci\u00f3n fuera de dise\u00f1o<\/strong>, <strong data-start=\"3220\" data-end=\"3243\">envejecimiento\/da\u00f1o<\/strong> o qu\u00edmica. DuPont menciona que el <strong data-start=\"3278\" data-end=\"3381\">solute passage puede mantenerse normal al principio y aumentar cuando el fouling se vuelve \u201cmasivo\u201d<\/strong>, y recomienda vigilar \u0394P por etapas como indicador sensible.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46508351 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"46508351\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e67b5b7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"e67b5b7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><u>Paso 2 (SWRO y BWRO)<\/u>: \u00bfLOCALIZADO (1 vessel) o GENERAL?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3dfe12 e-grid e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3dfe12\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-49f2e990 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"49f2e990\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 data-section-id=\"v976g6\" data-start=\"3544\" data-end=\"3586\">Localizar por vessel (lo m\u00e1s rentable)<\/h3><p data-start=\"3587\" data-end=\"3803\">DuPont recomienda (incluso en puesta en marcha) revisar <strong data-start=\"3643\" data-end=\"3696\">conductividad de permeado de cada pressure vessel<\/strong> para detectar, por ejemplo, <strong data-start=\"3725\" data-end=\"3746\">O-rings con fugas<\/strong> u otras anomal\u00edas.<\/p><h3 data-section-id=\"45t82r\" data-start=\"3805\" data-end=\"3851\">Perfil de conductividad (si tienes opci\u00f3n)<\/h3><p data-start=\"3852\" data-end=\"4054\">DuPont explica que un perfil \u201cnormal\u201d muestra incremento progresivo hacia el extremo de concentrado; una desviaci\u00f3n grande localiza la fuente del alto salt passage.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ba245bc elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"6ba245bc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/hidrosolucionescanarias.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/arbol-decision-conductividad-permeado-alta-ro.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-1748\" alt=\"\u00c1rbol de decisi\u00f3n: qu\u00e9 revisar cuando la conductividad del permeado es alta en RO (localizado vs general, \u0394P y salt passage)\" srcset=\"https:\/\/hidrosolucionescanarias.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/arbol-decision-conductividad-permeado-alta-ro.png 1024w, https:\/\/hidrosolucionescanarias.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/arbol-decision-conductividad-permeado-alta-ro-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/hidrosolucionescanarias.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/arbol-decision-conductividad-permeado-alta-ro-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/hidrosolucionescanarias.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/arbol-decision-conductividad-permeado-alta-ro-768x768.png 768w, https:\/\/hidrosolucionescanarias.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/arbol-decision-conductividad-permeado-alta-ro-12x12.png 12w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\"  title=\"Conductividad del permeado sube en RO (SWRO y BWRO)\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1bc1fed7 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"1bc1fed7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6b151338 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6b151338\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>No uses el SDI como verdad absoluta. \u00dasalo como se\u00f1al: <strong data-start=\"3826\" data-end=\"3879\">SDI + \u2206P en filtros + cartuchos + tendencia de RO<\/strong> es lo que te dice la historia real.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7f75f320 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"7f75f320\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70017b0e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"70017b0e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Diagn\u00f3stico SWRO (agua de mar)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4fcdb552 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4fcdb552\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 data-section-id=\"15nsrl0\" data-start=\"4099\" data-end=\"4130\">Qu\u00e9 suele mandar en SWRO<\/h3><p data-start=\"4131\" data-end=\"4226\">En SWRO, como el feed es muy salino, evita obsesionarte con el n\u00famero \u201cabsoluto\u201d y c\u00e9ntrate en:<\/p><ul data-start=\"4227\" data-end=\"4344\"><li data-section-id=\"1ivvgor\" data-start=\"4227\" data-end=\"4263\"><p data-start=\"4229\" data-end=\"4263\">tendencia de EC25 del permeado<\/p><\/li><li data-section-id=\"sqfn4n\" data-start=\"4264\" data-end=\"4292\"><p data-start=\"4266\" data-end=\"4292\">salt passage \/ rechazo<\/p><\/li><li data-section-id=\"1ip9xx3\" data-start=\"4293\" data-end=\"4322\"><p data-start=\"4295\" data-end=\"4322\">localizaci\u00f3n por vessel<\/p><\/li><li data-section-id=\"1yjy01v\" data-start=\"4323\" data-end=\"4344\"><p data-start=\"4325\" data-end=\"4344\">relaci\u00f3n con \u0394P<\/p><\/li><\/ul><h3 data-section-id=\"1n0uke2\" data-start=\"4346\" data-end=\"4393\">Causas t\u00edpicas SWRO (prioridad pr\u00e1ctica)<\/h3><h4 data-section-id=\"xx95b9\" data-start=\"4395\" data-end=\"4453\">1) Bypass mec\u00e1nico (O-rings \/ brine seal \/ conectores)<\/h4><p data-start=\"4454\" data-end=\"4732\"><strong data-start=\"4454\" data-end=\"4471\">Firma t\u00edpica:<\/strong> subida repentina y\/o localizada.<br data-start=\"4504\" data-end=\"4507\" \/>Toray: revisar O-rings y brine seals cuando permeado sale muy conductor. <br data-start=\"4617\" data-end=\"4620\" \/>DuPont: medir por vessel para identificar vessels con O-rings con fugas.<\/p><p data-start=\"4734\" data-end=\"4751\"><strong data-start=\"4734\" data-end=\"4751\">Acci\u00f3n (hoy):<\/strong><\/p><ul data-start=\"4752\" data-end=\"4825\"><li data-section-id=\"1l0j0h9\" data-start=\"4752\" data-end=\"4825\"><p data-start=\"4754\" data-end=\"4825\">Localiza vessel \u2192 revisa O-rings\/brine seal \u2192 corrige y vuelve a medir.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><h4 data-section-id=\"1uejm24\" data-start=\"4827\" data-end=\"4895\">2) Da\u00f1o mec\u00e1nico del elemento \/ telescoping \/ montaje incorrecto<\/h4><p data-start=\"4896\" data-end=\"5071\">DuPont describe da\u00f1os mec\u00e1nicos (ej. telescoping) y menciona casos donde O-rings no est\u00e1n instalados o est\u00e1n mal instalados tras carga.<\/p><h4 data-section-id=\"1k2wty0\" data-start=\"5073\" data-end=\"5112\">3) Fouling \/ scaling (gradual) + \u0394P<\/h4><p data-start=\"5113\" data-end=\"5350\">Si sube conductividad y adem\u00e1s \u0394P tiende a subir, refuerza hip\u00f3tesis de ensuciamiento; DuPont trata el aumento de solute passage asociado a fouling y recomienda instrumentaci\u00f3n de \u0394P por etapa.<\/p><h4 data-section-id=\"c86qvf\" data-start=\"5352\" data-end=\"5414\">4) Operaci\u00f3n fuera de dise\u00f1o (recuperaci\u00f3n\/caudal\/presi\u00f3n)<\/h4><p data-start=\"5415\" data-end=\"5577\">DuPont recomienda operar a caudal y recuperaci\u00f3n de dise\u00f1o, y usar balances de masa simples para validar instrumentos.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-33fbb5de elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"33fbb5de\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 data-section-id=\"1u9367l\" data-start=\"5579\" data-end=\"5609\">Checklist SWRO (30 min)<\/h3><ol data-start=\"5610\" data-end=\"6059\"><li data-section-id=\"16356jj\" data-start=\"5610\" data-end=\"5698\"><p data-start=\"5613\" data-end=\"5698\">Confirmar <strong data-start=\"5623\" data-end=\"5631\">EC25<\/strong> + comparar con port\u00e1til.<\/p><\/li><li data-section-id=\"4am51s\" data-start=\"5699\" data-end=\"5765\"><p data-start=\"5702\" data-end=\"5765\">Repentino vs gradual.<\/p><\/li><li data-section-id=\"19zv75v\" data-start=\"5766\" data-end=\"5845\"><p data-start=\"5769\" data-end=\"5845\">Localizar por vessel (si posible).<\/p><\/li><li data-section-id=\"6nzeul\" data-start=\"5846\" data-end=\"5936\"><p data-start=\"5849\" data-end=\"5936\">Si repentino\/localizado \u2192 O-rings\/brine seal.<\/p><\/li><li data-section-id=\"11oct8\" data-start=\"5937\" data-end=\"6059\"><p data-start=\"5940\" data-end=\"6059\">Si gradual \u2192 cruza con \u0394P\/operaci\u00f3n y decide fouling\/scaling vs operaci\u00f3n\/da\u00f1o.<\/p><\/li><\/ol>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5959db34 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"5959db34\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-221325d5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"221325d5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Diagn\u00f3stico BWRO (agua salobre)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d5771c3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d5771c3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 data-section-id=\"qldizh\" data-start=\"6105\" data-end=\"6194\">Lo que m\u00e1s confunde en BWRO: CO\u2082 y pH (conductividad \u201csube\u201d sin ser sales pasando)<\/h3><p data-start=\"6195\" data-end=\"6564\">Hydranautics\/Nitto explica un punto clave: <strong data-start=\"6238\" data-end=\"6308\">el CO\u2082, al ser gas, no es rechazado ni concentrado por la membrana<\/strong>, por lo que su concentraci\u00f3n puede ser similar en feed\/permeado\/concentrado; y adem\u00e1s la precisi\u00f3n de lecturas de alta calidad se beneficia de medici\u00f3n in situ porque el CO\u2082 puede variar al exponerse a la atm\u00f3sfera.<\/p><p data-start=\"6566\" data-end=\"6789\"><strong data-start=\"6566\" data-end=\"6599\">Qu\u00e9 significa en la pr\u00e1ctica:<\/strong> en BWRO, una subida de conductividad puede estar influida por <strong data-start=\"6662\" data-end=\"6696\">equilibrios carbono-inorg\u00e1nico<\/strong> (CO\u2082\/bicarbonato\/carbonato) y condiciones de muestreo, antes de que sea \u201cfallo de membrana\u201d.<\/p><h3 data-section-id=\"qc9ycr\" data-start=\"6791\" data-end=\"6838\">Causas t\u00edpicas BWRO (prioridad pr\u00e1ctica)<\/h3><h4 data-section-id=\"11oymjz\" data-start=\"6840\" data-end=\"6879\">1) CO\u2082\/pH y condiciones de muestreo<\/h4><p data-start=\"6880\" data-end=\"7001\"><strong data-start=\"6880\" data-end=\"6897\">Firma t\u00edpica:<\/strong> conductividad cambia sin que \u0394P\/flujo indiquen deterioro claro.<\/p><p data-start=\"7003\" data-end=\"7020\"><strong data-start=\"7003\" data-end=\"7020\">Acci\u00f3n (hoy):<\/strong><\/p><ul data-start=\"7021\" data-end=\"7182\"><li data-section-id=\"1h21ivd\" data-start=\"7021\" data-end=\"7079\"><p data-start=\"7023\" data-end=\"7079\">Confirma EC25.<\/p><\/li><li data-section-id=\"j8spdb\" data-start=\"7080\" data-end=\"7182\"><p data-start=\"7082\" data-end=\"7182\">A\u00f1ade pH (y si puedes alcalinidad) al registro del evento.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><h4 data-section-id=\"175zfea\" data-start=\"7184\" data-end=\"7229\">2) Bypass mec\u00e1nico (O-rings \/ brine seal)<\/h4><p data-start=\"7230\" data-end=\"7333\">Sigue aplicando exactamente igual si es repentino o localizado.<\/p><h4 data-section-id=\"gghlw7\" data-start=\"7335\" data-end=\"7367\">3) Fouling\/scaling (gradual)<\/h4><p data-start=\"7368\" data-end=\"7502\">DuPont: solute passage aumenta cuando el fouling progresa; \u0394P por etapa es indicador sensible.<\/p><h4 data-section-id=\"azb2ea\" data-start=\"7504\" data-end=\"7551\">4) Operaci\u00f3n fuera de dise\u00f1o \/ instrumentos<\/h4><p data-start=\"7552\" data-end=\"7681\">DuPont: usar balances de masa para validar instrumentos y operar a condiciones de dise\u00f1o<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2a3f0bcd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2a3f0bcd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 data-section-id=\"ot8v34\" data-start=\"7683\" data-end=\"7713\">Checklist BWRO (30 min)<\/h3><ol data-start=\"7714\" data-end=\"8148\"><li data-section-id=\"w9js4f\" data-start=\"7714\" data-end=\"7798\"><p data-start=\"7717\" data-end=\"7798\">Confirmar EC25 + comparar con port\u00e1til.<\/p><\/li><li data-section-id=\"1kj1fy2\" data-start=\"7799\" data-end=\"7907\"><p data-start=\"7802\" data-end=\"7907\">Si no encaja con el resto \u2192 revisa CO\u2082\/pH (hip\u00f3tesis temprana).<\/p><\/li><li data-section-id=\"1cilq29\" data-start=\"7908\" data-end=\"7974\"><p data-start=\"7911\" data-end=\"7974\">Repentino vs gradual.<\/p><\/li><li data-section-id=\"7e6nxj\" data-start=\"7975\" data-end=\"8063\"><p data-start=\"7978\" data-end=\"8063\">Localiza por vessel para descartar O-rings.<\/p><\/li><li data-section-id=\"d9ep5c\" data-start=\"8064\" data-end=\"8148\"><p data-start=\"8067\" data-end=\"8148\">Cruza con \u0394P\/operaci\u00f3n para cerrar causa.<\/p><\/li><\/ol>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-771298fb elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"771298fb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6f21d435 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6f21d435\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">F\u00f3rmulas simples para comparar (SWRO y BWRO)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6f4208f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6f4208f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li data-start=\"8208\" data-end=\"8258\"><strong data-start=\"8208\" data-end=\"8223\">Rechazo (%)<\/strong> = <span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-mathml\">(1\u2212Cp\/Cf)\u00d7100<\/span><\/span><\/li><li data-start=\"8261\" data-end=\"8310\"><strong data-start=\"8261\" data-end=\"8281\">Salt passage (%)<\/strong> = <span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-mathml\">(Cp\/Cf)\u00d7100<\/span><\/span><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-47bb2c07 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"47bb2c07\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h6 style=\"text-align: center;\">Usa siempre <strong data-start=\"8324\" data-end=\"8341\">la misma base<\/strong> (idealmente EC25) para que la tendencia sea real.<\/h6>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-35ee7a10 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"35ee7a10\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-25f42539 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"25f42539\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Preguntas frecuentes (FAQ)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-489d64b7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-accordion\" data-id=\"489d64b7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;default_state&quot;:&quot;expanded&quot;,&quot;max_items_expended&quot;:&quot;one&quot;,&quot;n_accordion_animation_duration&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;ms&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:400,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-accordion\" aria-label=\"Accordion. Open links with Enter or Space, close with Escape, and navigate with Arrow Keys\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-1210\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" open>\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"1\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-1210\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> \u00bfQu\u00e9 es EC25 y por qu\u00e9 lo necesito? <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1210\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-17da9a81 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"17da9a81\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-42a242a2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"42a242a2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>Porque la conductividad depende de temperatura; USGS reporta conductividad espec\u00edfica corregida a 25\u00b0C para comparar mediciones<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-1211\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"2\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-1211\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Si sube de repente, \u00bfqu\u00e9 miro primero? <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1211\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5f97139e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"5f97139e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1cdb3830 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1cdb3830\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>O-rings\/brine seal y el vessel afectado. Toray lo recomienda expl\u00edcitamente.<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-1212\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"3\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-1212\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> En BWRO, \u00bfpuede ser CO\u2082? <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1212\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2b2fd899 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2b2fd899\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-29cd02c6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"29cd02c6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>S\u00ed: Hydranautics\/Nitto explica que el CO\u2082 no es rechazado por la membrana y puede distorsionar interpretaci\u00f3n de calidad si no controlas condiciones.<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-1213\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"4\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-1213\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Para quien quiera hilar fino <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1213\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-175c140 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"175c140\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d859cae elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d859cae\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Si vas a comparar rendimiento de forma seria, usa normalizaci\u00f3n (temperatura, presi\u00f3n neta, etc.). DuPont recomienda validar instrumentos y condiciones de dise\u00f1o; hay metodolog\u00edas de normalizaci\u00f3n ampliamente usadas en el sector.<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"\\u00bfQu\\u00e9 es EC25 y por qu\\u00e9 lo necesito?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Porque la conductividad depende de temperatura; USGS reporta conductividad espec\\u00edfica corregida a 25\\u00b0C para comparar mediciones\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Si sube de repente, \\u00bfqu\\u00e9 miro primero?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"O-rings\\\/brine seal y el vessel afectado. Toray lo recomienda expl\\u00edcitamente.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"En BWRO, \\u00bfpuede ser CO\\u2082?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"S\\u00ed: Hydranautics\\\/Nitto explica que el CO\\u2082 no es rechazado por la membrana y puede distorsionar interpretaci\\u00f3n de calidad si no controlas condiciones.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Para quien quiera hilar fino\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Si vas a comparar rendimiento de forma seria, usa normalizaci\\u00f3n (temperatura, presi\\u00f3n neta, etc.). DuPont recomienda validar instrumentos y condiciones de dise\\u00f1o; hay metodolog\\u00edas de normalizaci\\u00f3n ampliamente usadas en el sector.\"}}]}<\/script>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5de69bd9 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"5de69bd9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4b73146e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"4b73146e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Fuentes externas recomendadas<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-79b4a2fd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"79b4a2fd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li><strong data-start=\"316\" data-end=\"390\">DuPont FilmTec \u2014 \u201cSymptoms of Trouble, Causes and Corrective Measures\u201d<\/strong><br data-start=\"390\" data-end=\"393\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.dupont.com\/content\/dam\/water\/amer\/us\/en\/water\/public\/documents\/en\/RO-NF-FilmTec-Symptom-of-Trouble-Causes-Manual-Exc-45-D01650-en.pdf\">Gu\u00eda de diagn\u00f3stico por s\u00edntomas (salt passage \/ caudal \/ \u0394P) con causas t\u00edpicas y medidas correctivas.<\/a><\/li><li data-start=\"544\" data-end=\"780\"><strong data-start=\"544\" data-end=\"587\">DuPont FilmTec \u2014 \u201cTroubleshooting Grid\u201d<\/strong><br data-start=\"587\" data-end=\"590\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.dupont.com\/content\/dam\/water\/amer\/us\/en\/water\/public\/documents\/en\/RO-NF-FilmTec-Troubleshooting-Grid-Manual-Exc-45-D01653-en.pdf\">Matriz pr\u00e1ctica para cruzar cambios de <strong data-start=\"631\" data-end=\"648\">permeate flow<\/strong>, <strong data-start=\"650\" data-end=\"666\">salt passage<\/strong> y <strong data-start=\"669\" data-end=\"694\">differential pressure<\/strong> y orientar el diagn\u00f3stico sin suposiciones.<\/a><\/li><li data-start=\"784\" data-end=\"1017\"><strong data-start=\"784\" data-end=\"824\">DuPont FilmTec \u2014 \u201cStart-Up Sequence\u201d<\/strong><br data-start=\"824\" data-end=\"827\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.dupont.com\/content\/dam\/water\/amer\/us\/en\/water\/public\/documents\/en\/RO-NF-FilmTec-Symptom-of-Trouble-Causes-Manual-Exc-45-D01650-en.pdf\">Recomendaci\u00f3n operativa muy \u00fatil: comprobar la <strong data-start=\"876\" data-end=\"917\">conductividad del permeado por vessel<\/strong> para detectar anomal\u00edas (p. ej. fugas en juntas\/O-rings).<\/a><\/li><li data-start=\"1021\" data-end=\"1230\"><strong data-start=\"1021\" data-end=\"1056\">DuPont FilmTec \u2014 \u201cSystem Tests\u201d<\/strong><br data-start=\"1056\" data-end=\"1059\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/pubs.usgs.gov\/tm\/09\/a6.3\/tm9-a6_3.pdf\">Pruebas de sistema y enfoque de <strong data-start=\"1093\" data-end=\"1106\">profiling<\/strong> (perfil de conductividad) para localizar el origen de un aumento de salt passage.<\/a><\/li><li data-start=\"1234\" data-end=\"1512\"><strong data-start=\"1234\" data-end=\"1294\">Toray \u2014 \u201cRO Operation, Maintenance, and Handling Manual\u201d<\/strong><br data-start=\"1294\" data-end=\"1297\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.water.toray\/knowledge\/manual\/pdf\/TorayRO_HandlingManual.pdf\">Referencia directa para fallos mec\u00e1nicos: si la conductividad del permeado es mucho m\u00e1s alta de lo esperado, revisar <strong data-start=\"1416\" data-end=\"1469\">O-rings, brine seals y partes del vessel afectado<\/strong>.<\/a><\/li><li data-start=\"1516\" data-end=\"1772\"><strong data-start=\"1516\" data-end=\"1556\">USGS \u2014 \u201cSpecific Conductance (A6.3)\u201d<\/strong><br data-start=\"1556\" data-end=\"1559\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/pubs.usgs.gov\/tm\/09\/a6.3\/tm9-a6_3.pdf\">Base de medici\u00f3n y reporte: conductividad espec\u00edfica corregida a <strong data-start=\"1626\" data-end=\"1635\">25 \u00b0C<\/strong> (EC25), calibraci\u00f3n, procedimientos y troubleshooting<\/a>.<\/li><li data-start=\"1776\" data-end=\"1966\"><strong data-start=\"1776\" data-end=\"1828\">EPA \u2014 Method 120.1 (Specific Conductance @25 \u00b0C)<\/strong><br data-start=\"1828\" data-end=\"1831\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/pubs.usgs.gov\/tm\/09\/a6.3\/tm9-a6_3.pdf\">M\u00e9todo cl\u00e1sico y muy citado: reportar conductancia espec\u00edfica a 25 \u00b0C y pautas de medici\u00f3n.<\/a><\/li><li data-start=\"1970\" data-end=\"2162\"><strong data-start=\"1970\" data-end=\"2029\">NEMI \u2014 Resumen de Standard Methods 2510B (Conductivity)<\/strong><br data-start=\"2029\" data-end=\"2032\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/pubs.usgs.gov\/tm\/09\/a6.3\/tm9-a6_3.pdf\">Buen enlace \u201cde m\u00e9todo\u201d: constante de celda, calibraci\u00f3n con KCl y alcance del ensayo.<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Sube Conductividad del permeado RO: causas y diagn\u00f3stico (SWRO y BWRO) Cuando sube la conductividad del permeado, no te conviene [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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